军队士气研究中应澄清的几个问题

对士气内涵的揭示,一直是个见仁见智的问题。对军队士气的研究应当从外延着手分析,确定真正符合士气本质属性的取舍标准。文章着重澄清以下几个问题:是士气的影响因素还是士气本身;士气能否被科学地测量;士气是否具有跨情境的稳定性;士气能否对战斗力构成影响。     

基于Contiki的无线传感器网络平台设计与实现

无线传感器网络由大量节点组成,网络面临的问题很难全部被仿真工具描述,因而由仿真得到的无线传感器网络应当在部署之前进行物理测试.根据无线传感器网络节点的一般架构,设计完成了一批体积小、成本低、功耗低、硬件资源丰富和代码开源的无线传感器节点,组建了一个无线传感器网络实验平台.在平台上移植了Contiki操作系统管理节点的软硬件资源,设计实现了射频芯片、串行接口和温度传感器的驱动程序.采用6LowPAN协议构建自组织网络,验证了平台的节点通信半径和组网效果.试验表明该平台完整支持6LowPAN协议,采集数据的可靠性、网络的健壮性和通信半径等指标,可以满足无线传感器网络节点定位与环境变量检测等应用的需求.     

基于电容式双探针检测装置的油水混合物 检测实验研究

机动管线水顶油排空是管线使用中的一项基本作业,排空过程中不可避免地会产生油水混合物,准确掌握油水混合比例是进行油水混合物切割的基础,故对油水混合物的检测尤为关键.结合机动管线的特点,选用基于电容检测原理的电容式双探针检测装置进行油水混合物检测实验,结果表明该装置仅适用于精度要求不高、静置时间足够长、油水混合物已充分分离的场合.机动管线水顶油排空油水混合物的检测还需要探索结构简单、操作简便的新方法.     

空中目标运动参数实时测量系统

为了实现对飞机等远距离空中目标运动参数的实时测量,设计了目标自动跟踪测量系统,并对该系统的硬、软件组成及关键技术进行了研究。组建验证样机,进行软件框架设计及功能模块分析,通过实测实验详细测试了系统的工作性能。静态验证实验结果表明:测距结果稳定在1mm以内,方位测量结果稳定在5″以内。动态验证实验结果表明:对运动目标的实时测距误差为2mm,实时测距频率为5Hz;方位测量误差为0.05°,姿态测量误差维持在0.2°以内,方位和姿态实时测量频率均为20Hz。因此,系统满足空中目标运动参数稳定可靠、高精度的自动实时测量需求。     

Sequential learning versus no learning in Bayesian regression models

We consider two regression models: linear and logistic. The dependent variable is observed periodically and in each period a Bayesian formulation is used to generate updated forecasts of the dependent variable as new data is observed. One would expect that including new data in the Bayesian updates results in improved forecasts over not including the new data. Our findings indicate that this is not always true. We show there exists a subset of the independent variable space that we call the “region of no learning.” If the independent variable values for a given period in the future are in this region, then the forecast does not change with any new data. Moreover, if the independent variable values are in a neighborhood of the region of no learning, then there may be little benefit to wait for the new data and update the forecast. We propose a statistical approach to characterize this neighborhood which we call the “region of little learning.” Our results provide insights into the trade‐offs that exist in situations when the decision maker has an incentive to make an early decision based on an early forecast versus waiting to make a later decision based on an updated forecast. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 532–548, 2014     

The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’

The first conceptual, theoretical treatises about small war (la petite guerre) as special operations appeared only from the middle of the seventeenth century. The term is not used in the eighteenth-century sense of ‘special operations’ in older sources. The supposed absence of any treatment of the subject is surprising considering the obsession with the ‘art of war’ in the Renaissance, but other authors attribute it to a supposed antinomy between chivalric ideals and irregular warfare. But the absence of explicit manuals on the subject is not evidence of absence of advanced reflection on this kind of operations in the Middle Ages and in Early Modern times. We should thus look elsewhere, in other genres, for writings that contain and pass on military knowledge. Epics, romances, educational and military treatises, and memoirs in fact contain elements of a theory of special operations, even though these genres differ from our conception of rationality inherited from the Enlightenment.     

Guerrillas and bandits in the Serranía de Ronda, 1810–1812

The Spanish Guerrilla (1808–1812) which has given its name to ideologically motivated insurgencies is usually portrayed as a patriotic uprising against the French occupation forces of Napoleon. It was that, in part, but also many other things besides. This case study illustrates its overlap and convergence with banditry but also with social unrest turned into uprisings directed by poor Spaniards against their creditors, as in the storming of Ronda by insurgents in 1810. From the propaganda of the day to the subsequent Spanish patriotic historiography, there has been a tendency to exaggerate the amplitude of events and also the damage that was done to the French forces and the casualty figures inflicted on them.     

自行高炮火控系统动态精度模拟中的视觉测量方法

身管指向测量是实现自行高炮火控系统精度闭环测试中的一个难点,提出了一种基于计算机视觉技术的自行高炮身管指向动态测量方法。首先分析了身管及标志物位置关系,然后提出了基于九步旋转的身管指向角解算方法,最后针对实际中初始高低角解算不稳定的问题,提出了多幅图像联合寻优求解的方法。实验结果表明:所提方法高低角测量精度可达2 mil,基本满足实际要求。     

离心式消防泵常见故障分析与预防对策

离心式消防泵在运行过程中常常会因各种故障而影响其正常运转,甚至不能实现水、泡沫等灭火剂的供给。因此,提高离心式消防泵运行的可靠性是紧急状态下保证火场供给能力的重要举措。结合离心泵的结构原理,综合分析了离心式消防泵在使用过程中的常见故障,给出了离心式消防泵故障的快速诊断方法,并有针对性地提出了预防和处置离心式消防泵故障的措施。     

基于Mean-Shift的传感器动态偏差估计方法

针对系统误差变化规律未知时的传感器探测系统偏差估计问题,提出了一种改进的基于Mean-Shift(均值偏移)的传感器动态偏差估计算法.该算法利用Mean-Shift方法对不同样本点对估计结果贡献不同的特点,根据样本点偏离均值的偏移量以及偏移时间构建权系数.仿真结果表明,该方法在系统误差变化规律未知的情况下,可有效估计多...